5. Use of Sources
Beginning in the 2020–2021 academic year, all basic matters concerning in-text citations and reference list entries are to be handled in accordance with the APA Publication Manual, Seventh Edition.
Examples
Textual Works
Whole authored book
Brown, A. (2011). The rise and fall of communism. Ecco.
Styhre, A., & Sundgren, M. (2011). Venturing into the bioeconomy. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230299436
Parenthetical citation: (Brown, 2011; Styhre & Sundgren, 2011)
Narrative citation: Brown (2011); Styhre and Sundgren (2011)
Further information and examples from APA Style
Revised edition, translated book
Wagner, T. (2014). The global achievement gap: Why even our best schools don’t teach the new survival skills our children need—and what we can do about it (Rev. ed.). Basic Books.
Kawabata, Y. (2006). The old capital (J. Martin Holman, Trans.). Shoemaker & Hoard.
Parenthetical citation: (Wagner, 2014; Kawabata, 2006)
Narrative citation: Wagner (2014); Kawabata (2006)
Whole edited book
Mariotti, F. (2017). Vegetarian and plant-based diets in health and disease prevention (1st ed.). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978–0–12–803968–7.12001–5
Parenthetical citation: (Mariotti, 2017)
Narrative citation: Mariotti (2017)
Chapter in an edited book
Barbieri, P., & Scherer, S. (2012). School discipline, performance, and the presence of immigrants in Italian schools. In R. Arum, & M. Velez (Eds.), Improving learning environments: School discipline and student achievement in comparative perspective (pp. 137–162). Stanford University Press.
Parenthetical citation: (Barbieri & Scherer, 2012)
Narrative citation: Barbieri and Scherer, 2012
Further information and examples from APA Style
Journal article
Adedeji, K. A., Raji, N. A., Oyetunji, E. O., & Ishola, B. (2020). Design and fabrication of a motorized rice hulling machine. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMER2019.0510
Parenthetical citation: (Adedeji et al., 2020)
Narrative citation: Adedeji et al. (2020)
Further information and examples from APA Style
Newspaper article
Wilson-Harris, N. (2020, August 4). Dreadlocked girl gets green light from Kensington. The Gleaner. http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/lead-stories/20200804/dreadlocked-girl-gets-green-light-kensington
Parenthetical citation: (Wilson-Harris, 2020)
Narrative citation: Wilson-Harris (2020)
Further information and examples from APA Style
Book review
Njau, L.S., & Isuja, S.P. (2019). [Review of the book The challenge for Africa, by W. Maathai]. International Journal of Knowledge, Innovation & Entrepreneurship, 7(1), pp. 93–95. Retrieved from https://www.ijkie.org
If the DOI is available, use it. Otherwise, use the URL of the journal’s homepage preceded by Retrieved from.
Parenthetical citation: (Njau & Isuja, 2019)
Narrative citation: Njau and Isuja (2019)
Published dissertation or thesis
Balazs, M. (2020). Internationalization of a health care mobile application: Case study of Onerva Hoivaviestintä Oy. [Master’s thesis, Jamk University of Applied Sciences]. Theseus. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk–2020070519503
Parenthetical citation: (Balazs, 2020)
Narrative citation: Balazs (2020)
Further information and examples from APA Style
Data Sets
Data set
Juva, K. (n.d.) The downloadable version of classics of English and American literature in Finnish [text corpus]. Kielipankki. Retrieved from http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:lb–2017011301
Parenthetical citation: (Juva, n.d.)
Narrative citation: Juva (n.d.)
Further information and examples from APA Style
Audiovisual Media
YouTube video
TheCrafsMan SteadyCraftin. (2020, March 19). Don’t forget to wear your dust mask (music video) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p_65qCD2On8
Parenthetical citation: (TheCrafsMan SteadyCraftin, 2020)
Narrative citation: TheCrafsMan SteadyCraftin (2020)
Online Media
Webpage on a website
SportBusiness Staff. (2020, August 5). Indianapolis 500 will now be held without spectators after IMS reverses course. SportBusiness. https://www.sportbusiness.com/news/indianapolis–500-will-now-be-held-without-spectators-after-ims-reverses-course/
Finland to start giving boys HPV vaccine. (2020, August 4). Yle Uutiset. https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/finland_to_start_giving_boys_hpv_vaccine/11478401
Parenthetical citation: (SportBusiness Staff, 2020; Finland to start giving boys HPV vaccine, 2020)
Narrative citation: SportBusiness Staff (2020); Finland to start giving boys HPV vaccine (2020)
Blog
Vigo, J. (2020, August 4). Why multi-factor authentication should be set up for all your services and devices. TechRepublic. https://www.techrepublic.com/article/why-multi-factor-authentication-should-be-set-up-for-all-your-services-and-devices/
Parenthetical citation: (Vigo, 2020)
Narrative citation: Vigo (2020)
Tweet
Noem, K. [@govkristinoem]. (2020, July 29). Distance learning isn’t a long term solution. Our kids have only achieved about 70% of the learning that they could [Video attached][Tweet]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/govkristinoem/status/1288533896229986304
Parenthetical citation: (Noem, 2020)
Narrative citation: Noem (2020)